Analysis of alternative energy sources in lubumbashi: disparities between formal and informal settlements

This article is devoted to identify and analyze alternative energy sources used at the household scale in planned and unplanned settlements. The results show that most of surveyed households are located in unplanned settlements. The highest number of households per parcel and people per household are observed in Kenya and Kamalondo municipalities, while the lowest number is observed in Lubumbashi municipality. Furthermore, both collective (dynamo) and individual (solar panels) solutions are more often used in spontaneous settlements than in formal settlements. Charcoal and candle are frequently used for cooking and lighting in both formal and informal settlements.