Are AI Systems Chaotic?

Author: 
Thomas Fowler, Sc.D.

Generative AI and AI chatbots are physical electronic systems plagued by the problem of hallucinations, which are apparently random instances of the system behaving in an erratic and unpredictable manner. Hallucinations can take the form of fabricated data such as accounts of events or references to nonexistent books and articles. They can also take the form of outbursts claiming to be deities demanding worship. Increasing the size of chatbot engines has not lessened the problem. In many ways the behavior of the chatbots resembles that of physical systems with chaotic dynamics. While it is impossible to prove that these systems are chaotic, available evidence points to it. That is significant because it portends difficulty or impossibility of removing the hallucinations.

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DOI: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijcar.2025.0499.0077